The non-medical use of cannabis in Australia has remained broadly stable, while trends in New Zealand have levelled off after earlier growth.

• In Australia, cannabis use has remained relatively stable over the past 2 decades. However, between 2019 and 2022/23 cannabis use increased among women (including high-risk use) while it declined for men, reducing the gender gap.
• In New Zealand, cannabis use increased between 2011/12 and 2018/19 before stabilizing or declining in recent years.
• Use among special populations who use drugs has declined in both countries, despite stable and recently decreasing cannabis prices of the drug on the black market.