In Australia, multiple drug-related indicators show an increase in cocaine use and associated harm between 2010 and 2021, particularly among men. However, cocaine still plays a relatively small role in overall drug-related harm, with only 2.7 per cent of people in drug-related treatment reporting cocaine as their principal drug of concern.

• More recent data indicate a stabilization of this trend in Australia and even a decrease in cocaine-related hospitalizations. At the same time, survey data from 2022-2023 indicate a continued increase in the prevalence of cocaine use among women aged 14 and older. National wastewater analysis suggests a continuous increase of total annual cocaine consumption reaching historically high levels in 2024-25.
• In New Zealand, cocaine use has increased over the long term among both the general population and people who use drugs, with recent signs of stabilization, alongside perceptions of its increased availability.
• More intensive patterns of cocaine use appear to be rare in both Australia and New Zealand, which may be related to the high price of cocaine in the subregion.