Trafficking of cocaine remains concentrated in the Americas and Western Europe though data show that all continents are affected

• Colombia, followed by Peru and Brazil were identified as the main departing countries of cocaine shipments worldwide over the period 2020-2024, but trafficking routes vary by region, with Colombia and Ecuador supplying North America and Europe, and Brazil playing a key role in flows to Europe, as well as Africa and Asia.
• Most cocaine continues to be trafficked from Colombia northward, either directly or indirectly via Ecuador. In both cases transport is primarily by sea. Cocaine departing from Brazil typically originates in Peru or the Plurinational State of Bolivia and, to a lesser extent, Colombia.
• Major cocaine departure countries outside of the Americas and Europe have been identified in Africa, i.e. Nigeria, followed by South Africa and Ethiopia. Major destination countries of cocaine continue to be Brazil in South America, the United States in North America, Spain, France, Belgium and the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Western Europe as well as Australia in Oceania.